Top 10 Drupal Field Modules

Telephone
It uses the same namespace and schema as the D8 core field module, so when you upgrade your site from D7 to D8, it should "just work" without any fuss. Lightweight on features: there's really no validation at all. For most use cases, you just want the user to enter a phone number and that's it.

Email
This module provides a field type for email addresses. Validation of emails, turns addresses into mailto links, contact form (see Display settings), provides Tokens (for D 7.x: use Entity tokens from the Entity API), exposes fields to Views, can be used with Rules and Panels Integration.

Media
The Media module provides an extensible framework for managing files and multimedia assets, regardless of whether they are hosted on your own site or a 3rd party site - it is commonly referred to as a 'file browser to the internet'.

Link
The link module provides a standard custom content field for links. With this module, links can be easily added to any content types and profiles and include advanced validating and different ways of storing internal or external links and URLs. It also supports additional link text title, site wide tokens for titles and title attributes, target attributes, css class attribution, static repeating values, input conversion, and many more.

Date
This package contains both a flexible date/time field type Date field and a Date API that other modules can use. The D5 and D6 versions of the Date field require the Content Construction Kit (CCK) module. The D7 version works with the core Field functionality.

Address
Address Field defines a new field type to store international postal addresses, implementing a subset of the top-level address elements defined in the xNAL standard. The field configuration lets you determine which elements of an address should be present in the field widget form and which ones should be rendered for display.

Audio
Audio Field module adds new CCK field that allows you to upload audio files and automatically displays them in a selected audio player. Currently it supports 6 players and it provides API for easy addition of new players.

Location
The Location module allows real-world geographic locations to be associated with Drupal nodes, including people, places, and other content. The Location module allows admins to collect addresses, geocode them (translate addresses to lattitude/longitude), and associate locations with Drupal nodes and users. Location data is automatically used to generate GeoRSS within your existing RSS feeds.

Country
This module provides many country related tasks... A fieldable countries database with an administrative interface, A way to alter Drupals core country list, A country FAPI element, A countries field, Integration with Country Icons and Token support.

Rate
This module provides flexible voting widgets for nodes and comments.
Administrators can add multiple widgets. By default, there are 8 widget types to choose from:
Thumbs up
Thumbs up / down
Number up / down
Fivestar
Emotion (this makes me mad, angry...)
Yes / no
Slider
Custom